Heating boilers for liquid fuel: educational program for the construction of units + an overview of popular models

Oil-fired boilers from well-known manufacturers Buderus, De Dietrich, Vaillant, Protherm, Viessmann, Wolf, ACV, Kiturami occupy a worthy niche in the market for heating equipment offered to owners of suburban real estate objects for arranging autonomous heating systems. If desired, a liquid fuel boiler can easily be upgraded to a gas-fired model. To do this, you only have to change the burner.

For ease of replacement, the landing dimensions of all types of burners are standardized. This design feature of the equipment is especially appreciated by those who plan to switch to gas heating at home in the foreseeable future. After all, this is the most economically viable option for heating homes. Manufacturers produce products that operate only on liquid fuel, as well as more expensive universal models that can operate on two types of fuel (gas and diesel fuel). Most liquid fuel boilers are designed for outdoor use.

Liquid fuel boilers are made of cast iron, ductile iron or steel. Cast iron units can last up to half a century, steel - no more than 10 years.

The simplest scheme of the device of a liquid fuel boiler of the Russian assembly. It differs from foreign analogues in its simplicity of design. The boiler consists of several structural elements: 1 - work management system; 2 - a combustion chamber; 3 - burner for liquid fuel (universal or diesel); 4 - heat exchanger; 5 - filter necessary for fuel cleaning; 6 - chimney.

Features of the device of oil burners

Autonomous heating systemsinstalled in residential buildings and industrial facilities can operate from boilers adapted for liquid fuel. This equipment allows you to heat the house with minimal human involvement, independently sucking a portion of diesel fuel from the tank. Such boilers have high efficiency, since the combustion of diesel fuel produces more heat than the combustion of natural gas and solid fuel.

In addition to diesel fuel (diesel fuel), kerosene, fuel oil, heating oil, biofuel and used oil can act as an energy carrier. The most important element of this type of heating equipment is a liquid fuel (w / t) burner, otherwise called a nozzle. Its main function is to proportionally mix air with fuel and supply the resulting mixture to the combustion chamber of the boiler.

Oil burners are classified according to the operating mode into single-stage, two-stage and modulated models.The first type operates with constant power, which can be changed only after the boiler is interrupted. The second type has two modes of operation, through which the equipment is able to gradually reach full capacity. In addition, there are still distinguished fan (blast) burners with forced air injection and diffusion burners that can receive the required amount of air from the surrounding atmosphere to maintain the combustion reaction.

The main details of an industrial-made oil burner connected to a small diesel storage tank

The main structural elements of w / t burners are:

• electric motor for driving an air supply fan;
• a fuel pump with a drive electric motor, necessary for supplying fuel through a fuel drive from a container under pressure;
• liquid fuel heating system, which may thicken when the ambient temperature decreases;
• servos for adjusting the air damper and fuel regulator necessary for direct and precise connection of the actuators;
• adjusting thermostat, with which the temperature parameters of combustion are set, and the burner is started;
• a float with a micro switch that controls the fuel level in the tank;
• nozzle, sucking and spraying fuel, as well as providing conditions for its ignition;
• burner control unit during operation;
• regulator of the secondary air necessary to maintain the formed flame.

In addition to the above elements, the device of the oil burner always provides for flexible hoses for supplying fuel. The pressure gauge shows the pressure in the fuel line. The flame sensor monitors the presence of a torch. The vacuum gauge monitors the soot and nitric oxide content of the combustion products.

It is important to note that fuel is supplied from a tank next to the boiler, the volume of which in the main room of the house cannot exceed 50 liters. A larger capacity (up to 1000 liters) can only be located in a separate boiler room, equipped in accordance with fire safety rules.

The diagram shows the principle of operation of a liquid fuel burner, which is based on mixing air with fuel and completely burning the resulting mixture

The class of oil burner is determined by such performance characteristics as: pressure of the fuel pump; dimensions of the furnace space; dimensions of the pipe located in the furnace space; nozzle throughput.

Advantages of using oil-fired boilers:

• Minimum level of emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere.
• Lack of strong vibration and working noise.
• Variety of choice of type of liquid fuel.
• The ability to quickly carry out installation of equipment and its settings.
• All functional parts are easily accessible for maintenance.
• High rate of efficiency, reaching 90-95%.
• Stability of the fuel combustion process due to the effective regulation of the air supply.

Another point - oil burners are structurally compatible with many models of heat generators and water heaters. When the main gas is brought to the house, the liquid fuel boiler is easily converted into a gas unit. To do this, just a / t burner is replaced by a gas burner.

You can learn about the features of installing liquid fuel boilers from our next article:https://aquatech.tomathouse.com/en/otoplenie/kotly/ustanovka-zhidkotoplivnogo-kotla.html.

Overview of specific popular models

Delta Pro 25/45/55 from the Belgian company ACV

ACV Delta Pro boilers are available for domestic use. This series is intended not so much for heating small private houses as for supplying them with hot water in large volumes.Boilers are manufactured using the patented tank-in-tank technology, which involves connecting an external steel tank to the heating circuit and placing a corrugated tank made of stainless steel in it using the argon-arc welding method. In the inner corrugated tank, sanitary water is also heated. The walls of the inner tank, which are not in contact with the flame of the burner, but which contract and expand when the temperature drops, are able to self-clean from scale. A sufficient amount of sanitary water is heated due to the large corrugated surface of the inner tank.

In just 10 minutes, ACV Delta Pro 25/45/55 boilers at δT = 30 ° C heat 268/316/362 liters of water. The working pressure of the water reaches 7 bar. The heat carrier is heated by four or eight smoke tubes with turbulators. The number of pipes depends on the model. These boilers can be connected as a gas burner, and liquid fuel. Together with the product, the main devices (safety, control and adjustment) delivered to the control panel are supplied. The complete set of modified Delta Pro Pack boilers additionally includes a pump group, as well as expansion tank tanks and four-way mixing valve.

Delta Pro 25 and Delta Pro 45 models can be equipped with a closed combustion chamber, from which combustion products are removed through a coaxial chimney. It also receives the air necessary to maintain the combustion process in the chamber.

Bison 30NL / 40NL / 50NL from the Slovak company Protherm

The Slovak manufacturer uses the names of animals in the name of manufactured boilers. Under the name Protherm Bison NL sells six models of liquid fuel units, differing in power, which depends on the number of cast-iron sections in the two-way heat exchanger, which are pulled together by threaded rods. This equipment is capable of working with a mounted oil or gas burner. A suitable burner is purchased separately from the boiler. There is an inspection hole in the front door of the unit, which allows visual inspection of the operation of the equipment. The device is equipped with a minimum set of instrumentation and sensors, which affects its cost.

The basic equipment includes a main switch, a wheel-type thermostat, and a thermometer. An optional room regulator is offered, which, when connected to the boiler, significantly expands its capabilities. To ensure hot water supply, the purchase of a separate indirect storage boiler, located on the floor or on the wall, is required. The volume of the boiler is 500 liters. The boiler is sold assembled.

Universal heating boiler Protherm Bison 30NL, to which a gas or liquid fuel burner is separately purchased

GT 123 from the French company De Dietrich

Four models are part of a series of floor-mounted supercharged cast-iron boilers manufactured by De Dietrich. The power of the models varies in the range of 21-39 kW. The equipment is capable of running on gas and liquid fuel. An appropriate burner is required. The buyer can choose one of three boiler control systems:

• standard (manual adjustment);
• Easymatic (remote control);
• Diematic 3 (automatic regulation of a large number of heating systems, among which there may be a pool heater).

A liquid fuel boiler of the brand De Dietrich GT, equipped with an automation unit, installed in a separate room of a country cottage

Logano G125 SE from the German company Buderus

Floor-standing liquid-fuel cast-iron heating boilers of this company can operate on two types of fuel (gas and diesel fuel). To do this, a special burner is installed, which in the absence of gas starts to run on diesel fuel. The equipment has a presentable appearance.In addition, the operation of the unit can take place in two modes - safe and energy efficient. Cast iron boilers are supplied disassembled and assembled by specialists at the installation site.

Fuel economy is achieved through the use of a Buderus Logamatic control system that monitors outdoor temperature.

South Korean steel boilers Kiturami STSO

In addition to the above models, the products of the South Korean manufacturer producing liquid fuel boilers under the Kiturami STSO brand are in demand on the market. This equipment is made of stainless steel using special technologies that make it possible to obtain compact and lightweight devices.

Along with liquid fuel equipment for heating homes, other options are also used. You can learn more about them from our article:https://aquatech.tomathouse.com/en/otoplenie/raschety/otoplenie-chastnogo-doma.html

Should I buy a liquid fuel unit?

Boilers operating on fuel oil or some other type of liquid fuel are less common than other types of heating equipment. Oil-fired boilers are used where there are no alternative fuels (firewood, coal, gas). Also, these units are actively used in industrial enterprises and car repair shops, which have large quantities of fuel oil and waste oil. In order not to spend money on the utilization of mining, it is burned, receiving the necessary heat to heat the production facilities.