Which heating system is best for a single-story house: attention to the type of fuel and coolant

Heating a one-story house can be done in different ways. When choosing a specific option, the availability of fuels, the financial capabilities of the owner, as well as the design features of the house are taken into account: the area of ​​the object, construction materials and technologies used to erect its basic elements, the presence of a basement or other utility room, sufficient to accommodate heating equipment. It is also important how autonomous the operation of the heating system mounted in the house should be. Is the homeowner prepared for possible gas outages or power outages? If not, the heating system of a one-story house should be completely independent of external highways. Alternatively, include additional heat sources. It also matters how much the heating of the house will depend on human participation in this process? By answering all the questions posed, you can significantly narrow down the list of equipment and technical solutions suitable for organizing the heating of a one-story residential building.

Classification of heating systems by fuel type

Existing fuels in terms of fuel economy can be arranged in the following order:

• trunk gas;
• solid fuel (firewood, coal) and pellets;
• liquefied gas stored in cylinders or a gas tank;
• diesel fuel;
• electricity.

In this article, we will figure out which of these systems is best for you.

Classification of heating boilers by the type of fuel used. When choosing a boiler equipment, they are guided by the availability of fuel and ease of operation of the unit

Option # 1 - gas heating

Based on the above ranking of fuels, it is most beneficial to use gas heating, subject to supply to the main gas section. In this embodiment, one conventional unit of thermal energy costs 4-8 times cheaper than in other heating systems. The participation of a person in ensuring the operation of the gas heating system is minimized, especially if the capabilities of the automatic controls offered optionally or in a set for gas heating equipment are used to the maximum.

For a one-story house of a small area, a wall single-loop is purchased gas boiler, which provides heating of the coolant supplied to the pipes and radiators.About what there are options for distributing heating pipes, you will learn below. Wall-based equipment needs to ensure the removal of combustion products and the installation of a ventilation system, which is rather difficult to do in the conditions of the main room.

If, in addition to heating, the gas boiler is also planned to be used to provide the facility with hot water, then it is necessary to purchase bypass or multi-circuit floor unit. A gas boiler of high power can cope not only with the functions of heating and water heating, but also ensure the operation of the thermal curtains installed in the garage, snow melting systems mounted on the roof of the house, porch, access roads. Using a separate heat circuit, you can organize the supply of heat to the conservatory or greenhouse.

Double-circuit gas boiler wall-mounted with full automation, which allows you to adjust the temperature in the house, taking into account the weather on the street. This feature provides gas savings of up to 30-50%

For owners of one-story houses that are not connected to a centralized gas supply, liquefied gas can be used as fuel. To store the reserves of this fuel, it is necessary to equip an underground storage on the site - a gas tank. This method of organizing heating a private house will cost more, but all other advantages of gas heating will remain in effect.

Option # 2 - diesel heating system

The long-term autonomy of the work boasts heating boilers running on liquid fuel (diesel fuel and fuel oil). The duration of the operation of such a heating system is limited only by the volume of the tank used to store liquid fuel. All equipment is placed in a separate room of the boiler room, which is equipped with a chimney and ventilation. The disadvantages of using this heating option are:

• high cost of diesel fuel;
• quality of purchased fuel;
• the need for periodic transportation of diesel fuel and its transfer to the tank;
• maintenance of a liquid fuel boiler (cleaning parts from soot, soot, soot, especially when using low-quality diesel fuel).

It is important to note that a liquid fuel boiler can be used by owners of one-story houses waiting to connect the facility to main gas. On this equipment, the w / t burner is easily replaced by a gas burner.

Option # 3 - expensive electrical heating

Use electric heating system for a one-story house it is beneficial only if the dwelling is used from time to time. Of course, having sufficient financial means, you can allow yourself to maintain such a heating system with permanent residence in the house. If the power supply in the region is stable, without long interruptions, and the allocated capacities are enough for the operation of all installed electrical equipment, then you can safely choose this type of heating.

For a long time, everyone would have switched to electricity, but "prices bite." This simple, safe, including from an environmental point of view, method of heating an apartment building is not yet available to the vast majority of Russians.

Option # 4 - solid fuel heating system

Solid fuel ranks second in terms of low cost of use, second only to main gas. This is one of the main advantages of solid fuel heating systems. The second plus is that heating the house with a certain wiring of the heating system (with natural coolant circulation) can be completely independent of the availability of electricity. Short-term power outages can be compensated by using gas generators of sufficient power to ensure operation circulation pump with forced circulation of the coolant and use solid fuel boilerequipped with an automation unit.

The disadvantage of a wood and coal-based heating system is its dependence on humans. To maintain a favorable temperature in the house, a person will have to regularly throw a portion of fuel into the furnace chamber of the boiler. Solid fuel boilers of long burning for single-storey houses are not suitable, as they are designed for heating large country cottages. This disadvantage can be minimized by installing in the boiler heating elements that will heat the coolant in the interval between the operation of boiler equipment. A heating system that can operate on two different types of fuel is called combined.

Classification of systems by type of coolant

Water, antifreeze (water with the addition of ethylene glycol) and air can act as a heat carrier that delivers heat from the boiler to the heating devices in the heating systems of a 1-storey building.

System # 1 - water heating

In one-story houses it is more effective to use water heating systems, in which either water or antifreeze serves as a heat carrier. Non-freezing fluid is poured into the system if the building is operated intermittently. This allows you to save the system from freezing. For year-round living in the house, ordinary water is used as a heat carrier, which can be heated by a gas, liquid fuel, solid fuel or electric boiler. Coolant in the system it can circulate independently or forcibly with the help of special pumps mounted in the system.

One-pipe heating system of a one-story private house with forced circulation of the coolant, provided with a circulation pump, embedded in the return loop

The cheapest cost monotube installation with natural coolant circulation. The disadvantage of this wiring is the gradual cooling of the coolant as it moves from one radiator to another. It turns out that in some rooms it is hot, while in others it is cold. It is not possible to regulate the temperature in individual rooms. Therefore, it is better to use the wiring a little more complicated, called the "Leningrad". There, each radiator can be disconnected from the system using taps, and the coolant circulates through the bypass (bypass) pipe.

The modernized single-tube system "Leningradka" is devoid of the disadvantages of a standard single-tube system, which consists in the impossibility of autonomous shutdown of individual heating radiators

If there is a sufficient budget collector (beam) pipe routing, which allows you to provide a coolant to each heating device. Also, this scheme is used in the case of laying in the bathrooms of the house water heated floors.

The collector or radial heating system of a private house is mounted in the presence of finances, since the consumption of footage of pipes increases significantly compared to other types of pipe wiring

The most popular is the two-pipe horizontal layout of the device, which is a kind of middle option between the cheap and expensive method of piping wiring.

Two installation options in a one-story private house of a two-pipe heating system. In the diagram on the left, the boiler is in the center of the house, and on the right - the supply line is hidden under the window sills

System # 2 - air heating

You can heat the house and with the help of air, which is heated in the heat exchanger, is directed through the ducts laid in the attic or under the floor, or hidden under a false ceiling. Warm air enters the rooms through openings in the ceiling, walls or floor, covered with decorative grilles. Air, like water, can circulate in the room on its own according to the principle of natural convection, and can be forced to pump using electric turbines installed in the attic or in the basement of a one-story house.The operation of the turbines is controlled by temperature sensors. Air heating system equipped with filters holding dust particles.

Air heating of a private house by a fireplace with a fireplace insert. This organization of heating a house is called a hot air distribution system (RGV)

It is recommended that you plan your air heating system in advance. When designing a heating project for a one-story house, engineers must consider the availability of space in the house for flush mounting ducts. The cross section of these structures reaches 100-160 mm, so open installation will adversely affect the interior of the house.

Which system to choose?

As you can see, there are several options for organizing heating in a private house. You can understand them yourself, but the help of specialists who know the nuances of each heating system will not hurt. High-quality installation of heating equipment, competent start-up and timely maintenance will allow the heating system of a private house to work for a long time for the joy of its owners.