Do-it-yourself toilet in the country: analysis of technology and all the nuances of self-construction

Wherever a person lives, he tries to equip his place of living as comfortably as possible. Therefore, the first design being built on a summer cottage is a toilet. Without this building, it is difficult to live even one day outside the city. To build it, you can hire specialists or do the work yourself. But even if you decide to make a toilet in the country with your own hands, you can not do without theoretical knowledge. So we find out what needs to be done for the construction of such a necessary structure.

Where to place the structure?

Before the construction of the toilet determine the place for its construction. The remoteness of the toilet from other buildings depends on its design. Or rather, whether it will be a building with or without a cesspool.

Which type of toilet to choose is decided not only taking into account preferences, but also taking into account the location of groundwater. If they are located above the 2.5 meter mark, the construction of a cesspool is prohibited. In such cases, powder-closet is built.

When choosing a place to build, do not forget that this is a place of solitude. Therefore, it is advisable to take a corner to him aside from the buildings.

When constructing a toilet with a cesspool, observe sanitary standards for such structures. The toilet should be located no closer than 12 meters to residential buildings. The distance from it to the water source is at least 20 meters. In order to avoid misunderstandings with neighbors, we build a toilet in the country, a meter and a half away from the fence.

When planning the construction of a country toilet with a cesspool, think about how the sewage machine will later approach it. The length of the sleeve for pumping sewage is only 7 meters. Moreover, 3 of them will be located in the pit.

Also consider the landscape of the site. Cesspool a toilet built in the lowland will quickly fill up during the rainy season and spring snowmelt. And the structure on a hill is blown from all sides by the wind.

Varieties of cesspools

Depending on the penetration of sewage into the soil, cesspools are: with a filter bottom and tight. The construction and operation of a sealed structure will cost more. This is due not only to consumables, but also to more frequent cleaning and calling the scavenger machine. Rastra to a pit with a filter bottom is less noticeable, however, there is a possibility of contamination of the surrounding area. In addition, such designs are prohibited by sanitary standards.

You can build the walls of the cesspool of different materials. Depending on this, they are:

• brick;
• plastic;
• from concrete rings;
• monolithic.

Let's look at each of them in more detail.

We lay a hole out of brick

Option # 1 - Sealed Design

Having decided on the construction site of the toilet, they clear the marked area. Dig a pit of rectangular shape in the required dimensions. The larger it is, the less often it will be necessary to clean the toilet from sewage. Then tamp the soil at the bottom. Pour a layer of sand (10-15 cm) and make a concrete base. The use of reinforcement and filler, crushed stone can not hurt. After the concrete hardens, lay out the walls of the structure and plaster. For better sealing, they are treated with bitumen mastic. The walls of the cesspool make ten centimeters above the surface of the earth.

After laying the brick for the cesspool, the walls of the structure must be plastered and covered with bitumen mastic

Option # 2 - filter bottom design

For such a cesspool, the bottom is not sealed. To do this, a layer of pebbles or large gravel is poured over the sand. Thanks to this filter, liquid waste seeps into the ground. This reduces the total mass of sewage, which increases the time before cleaning the pit.

It is advisable to make cesspools with a filter bottom only in those places where the soil water lies very deep.

Use of plastic containers

As a waste storage device for cesspools, you can use plastic barrels or eurocubes. They are buried in a hole under the toilet. For a sealed structure, only the upper part of the tank is cut off, where waste will flow. For a non-sealed pit, the lower part is cut out. At the same time, a filter layer is poured onto the bottom of the cesspool.

To prevent the soil from displacing plastic containers, they must be secured with anchor weights

Concrete ring design option

Now let's figure out how to install a toilet in the country, using concrete rings. Due to the fact that the reinforced concrete products can shift during use, it is difficult to make such a design airtight. Therefore, it is desirable to use it only in places with deep-seated groundwater. The construction of a cesspool of reinforced concrete products is a labor-intensive process. To facilitate its use a special technique.

Due to the heavy weight of concrete rings, special equipment will be required for their installation.

After selecting and clearing the place for construction, dig a hole according to the size of the ring. Lower the first ring and begin to dig up the earth from under its base. Thus, a gradual lowering of the rings occurs under its own weight. When there is enough space, set the second ring on the first. Thus, they continue to dig and set the required number of rings. At the bottom of the pit, either a concrete screed or a filter layer is made.

The top of the last installed concrete ring should protrude ten centimeters above the ground.

You will find step-by-step instructions for installing a cesspool of concrete rings in our next material:https://aquatech.tomathouse.com/en/kanalizaciya/yamy/vygrebnaya-yama-iz-betonnyx-kolec.html.

Monolithic concrete toilet structure

For a cesspool of monolithic concrete, after digging a foundation pit, the bottom is covered with a layer of sand. Reinforce it with approaching the walls. This will give the construction strength. The bottom of the pit is poured with concrete and left to solidify completely. Then install the formwork for the walls and fill them with concrete. After it hardens, formwork and filling of the floor are done.

Defects in concrete after removal of formwork must be repaired with cement-sand mortar

Construction of a toilet house over a cesspool

After preparing the cesspool, proceed to the construction of a house above it. We suggest that you deal with us how to build a country toilet out of wood.

The length of the structure is 20 centimeters greater than the width. For example, the width is 1 meter, and the length is 1.2. Let it be 2.1 meters high. Near the cesspool make the foundation in appropriate sizes.

Roofing material is laid between the foundation and the wooden frame for insulation

On top of it, waterproofing from roofing material is laid. From a wooden bar, the frame is assembled and screwed to the foundation.

The frame of the beam must be treated with an antiseptic

Flooring boards are laid on top of the frame and fixed with self-tapping screws. The floor should be quite strong, so the thickness of the board is taken at least 3 cm.

The frame of the beam must be treated with an antiseptic

The front and rear frames of the toilet house are made of the bar.

The front frame should be 10 cm above the rear

Then fix them on the base, exposing with the help of a level. Strengthen the structure with transverse bars.

Roof bars should protrude 0.3 m in front and 0.16 m in back

Then set the frame for the pedestal. Its height is 0.45 meters.

Pedestal height is done taking into account convenience

At the next stage, the frame of the house is sheathed. For this, imitation of timber is perfect. It has a convenient stud-groove mount. They begin to sheathe the structure from below, the boards are fixed with self-tapping screws or ordinary nails. A window is cut above the door.

When fixing the imitation of the beam, make sure that the groove is on top and the spike is on the bottom. This method prevents moisture from entering the groove.

After this, the frame for the pedestal is sheathed. A hole is cut out in the middle. Its size depends on the capacity that will be installed inside. The bottom of the container is cut before fixing.

The size of the hole cut in the pedestal depends on the capacity that will be used

Then they make the roof of the house. First, boards are fixed parallel to the front of the building at a small distance from each other.

Roof crossboards are mounted starting from the front of the building

Then they sew up the visor below the door above the door. Boards are fixed along the perimeter of the roof base.

Boards fixed along the perimeter of the base of the roof should form right angles

Now it remains only to cover it with slate. At the next stage, the door is assembled and hung on hinges. Platbands are stuffed on top.

Platbands close the slots and prevent the door from opening inside the room

Then the whole structure is covered with a special impregnation that protects against moisture and pests, and then with paint or varnish. Outside and inside the building, handles and a hook or latch are attached.

In our next article you will learn how to build a country toilet with shower:https://aquatech.tomathouse.com/en/kanalizaciya/postrojki/sxemy-stroitelstva-dachnyx-tualetov.html.

Powder-closet toilet

Where groundwater is located near the surface, the construction of a toilet in the country with a cesspool is prohibited. In this case, powder-closet is built. Unlike the previous version, this design does not have an underground waste receiver in the form of a pit.

Therefore, the container inserted into the hole of the pedestal should be with the bottom. Even better if these are two containers: one slightly smaller than the other. Moreover, the smaller one should have small holes for fluid leakage. And in the larger side, a drainage hose is inserted to drain excess fluid.

There is no need to dig a cesspool for powder-closet. The waste is sprinkled with peat, and then taken out on a compost heap.

The foundation of the building must be concreted. Before using the container, filler is poured on its bottom. It can be peat or sawdust. After each visit to the toilet, a new portion of filler is poured on top. As the capacity is filled, its contents are transferred to the compost heap.

Such toilets are only suitable for temporary use. For houses with permanent residence, it is better to equip a septic tank or build a local treatment system.